ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential eye irritation of herbicide [tribenuron-methyl] at concentrations [0.01%, 0.02% and 0.03%, w/v] by using the Hen's Egg Test -Chorioallantoic membrane test [HET-CAM] test. According to the our results tribenuron-methyl was classified as non-irritant to eye at concentration [0.01%, w/v] that is recommend by manufacture of herbicide because its doesn't induced any visible changes in the chorioallantoic vessel like [Hyperemia, Hemorrhage, Clotting] thus, the total scores of irritation were [0]. As well as, the increasing concentrations of herbicide at [0.02%, 0.03%, w/v] doesn't induced any vascular injury in [CAM]. In contrast, the N 0.1 NaOH [Positive control] was classified as strongly irritant because its was induced intense hemorrhage with opaque on [CAM] thus, the total scores of irritation were increased to [14]. Physiological saline [0.9% NaCl] [Negative control] doesn't induced any irritant effects in the chorioallantoic vessel thus; the total scores of irritation were [0] and classified as non - irritant for eye. We conclude that, the [HET-CAM] test has been shown to be most suitable for use as a model for evaluating the potential eye irritation of herbicide due to its sensitivity, rapidity and inexpensive as well as reduces the requirement for laboratory animals
Subject(s)
Irritants , Arylsulfonates/adverse effects , Chorioallantoic Membrane , EyeABSTRACT
The presence of chlorimuron ethyl and metsulfuron methyl in two soils was determined by a modified petri dish bioassay. Pregerminated seeds of maize and sunflower were placed in petri dishes containing 85 to 100 g of treated soil. Radicle root lengths were measured after 24 h. Chlorimuron had no effect on maize on the Balcarce soil, however 0.007 microg g(-1) decreased sunflower root length. Chlorimuron decreased maize and sunflower root length regardless application dose on the San Cayetano soil. Metsulfuron decreased maize root length at 0.04 microg g(-1) and sunflower at 0.021 microg g(-1) on the Balcarce soil. On the San Cayetano soil metsulfuron at 0.001 microg g(-1) decreased maize and sunflower root length. The phytotoxicity of chlorimuron and metsulfuron changed according to soil type and dose. Maize and sunflower were 1.3-1.5 and 1.3-1.8 times respectively more sensitive to chlorimuron on the San Cayetano soil than on the Balcarce soil. In the case of metsulfuron, maize was similarly sensitive on both soils but sunflower was 1.7-2.0 times more sensitive on the San Cayetano soil than on the Balcarce soil. Phytotoxicity increased as organic matter (OM) content decreased and/or when the soil pH and concentration increased.